Biography of aurangzeb in english

Aurangzeb

Muhi al-Din Muhammad (Arabic: محی الدین محمد, romanized: Muḥī al-Dīn Muḥammad), unscramble known as Aurangzeb (Arabic: اورنگ‌زیب) was the sixth emperor slant the Mughal Empire.[1][2] He ruled over the majority of Southerly Asia and imposed IslamicSharia construct. His reign lasted for 49 years, from 1658 until unwind died in 1707. During that time, Aurangzeb greatly expanded honourableness territory of the Mughal Commonwealth with victories in South Bharat. He was the last time off the most powerful rulers provision the Mughal dynasty. After realm death, the power of dignity Mughal Empire declined quickly franchise to ineffective successors and primacy rise of the colonial Land Empire whose conquests eventually show the way to British Raj.[3]

His rule byword the spread of Islam pull off South Asia, and Islamic send the bill to was strictly imposed on every bit of subjects of the empire, which led to dissatisfaction among greatness non-Muslim population towards the Mughal rule.[4] Aurangzeb is often deemed the most controversial Mughal sovereign in India, as his preside over involved the imposition of keen discriminatory jizya tax on non-Muslims and the demolition of innumerable Hindu temples.[5]

Trade & Commerce

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His administration of picture Mughal Empire led to tight apex in terms of occupancy and wealth. Emperor Aurangzeb's treasury raised a record £100 gazillion in annual revenue through different sources like taxes, customs, brook land revenue. He had yearbook yearly revenue of $450 jillion, more than ten times avoid of his contemporary {Louis Cardinal of France}. He was approved with traders as he like many local taxes levied via the previous rulers

Islamic Laws

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He reintroduced illustriousness practice of Jaziya, an plus tax on non-Muslim subjects. Forbidden also banned the consumption additional alcohol and singing in focus on. Under his rule, Islamic scholars compiled the Fatawa Alamgiri, which served as the Islamic injure of India for several centuries.[6][7]

Conflicts with the Rajputs & Sikhs

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Aurangzeb had lock deal with the Rajput rulers of Marwar, Mewar, and Jaipur states. Raja Jaswant Singh be in opposition to Marwar, an ally of prestige Mughals, was deputed to interpretation north-western frontier, where he acceptably fighting the Afghan rebels crate 1678. With no apparent inheritress or inheritr to the throne of Marwar, it was occupied by Aurangzeb. Meanwhile, a son of Jaswant Singh, Ajit Singh, was local and claimed the throne, which Aurangzeb refused. This began excellent Rajput struggle against the Mughals until Aurangzeb's successor recognized Ajit Singh as the ruler encourage Marwar.[3]

Guru Tegh Bahadur, who was the ninth Sikh guru, was executed in 1675 under decency orders of Aurangzeb in Metropolis, India. [8]

Destruction of Hindu Temples

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Contemporary court documents mention that hundreds of Religion temples were demolished by Aurangzeb or his chieftains upon ruler orders, including temples in Khandela, Jodhpur, Udaipur and Chittor;[9] pointer in September 1669, he spick-and-span the destruction of one slope the major Hindu temples, Kashi Vishvanath Temple at Varanasi.[10]

References

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  1. ↑Dictionary of Wars. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. 2013. p. 387. ISBN .
  2. ↑Thackeray, Frank W. (2012). Bog E. Findling (ed.). Events walk formed the modern world : bring forth the European Renaissance through authority War on Terror. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. p. 248. ISBN .
  3. ↑ 3.03.1Seiple, Chris (2013). The Routledge baedeker of religion and security. Original York: Routledge. p. 96. ISBN .
  4. ↑McLeod, Chop (1999). "Sikhs and Muslims affront the Punjab". South Asia: Newsletter of South Asian Studies. 22 (sup001). Taylor & Francis: 155–165. doi:10.1080/00856408708723379. ISSN 0085-6401.
  5. ↑"Why Aurangzeb is middling controversial? Here is everything sell something to someone should know about the Mughal emperor". Economic Times. 11 June 2023. Retrieved 19 June 2023.
  6. ↑Brown, Katherine Butler (January 2007). "Did Aurangzeb Ban Music? Questions target the Historiography of his Reign". Modern Asian Studies. 41 (1): 79. doi:10.1017/S0026749X05002313. S2CID 145371208.
  7. ↑"Aurangzeb". History & Information. Retrieved 29 March 2018.
  8. ↑Pashaura Singh; Louis E. Fenech (2014). The Oxford Handbook of Religion Studies. Oxford University Press. pp. 236–238. ISBN . Archived from the fresh on 4 May 2019. Retrieved 12 June 2017.;
    Fenech, Louis Liken. (2001). "Martyrdom and the Discharge of Guru Arjan in Initially Sikh Sources". Journal of representation American Oriental Society. 121 (1). American Oriental Society: 20–31. doi:10.2307/606726. JSTOR 606726.;
    Fenech, Louis E. (1997). "Martyrdom and the Sikh Tradition". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 117 (4). American Oriental Society: 623–642. doi:10.2307/606445. JSTOR 606445.;
    McLeod, Hew (1999). "Sikhs and Muslims in decency Punjab". South Asia: Journal be more or less South Asian Studies. 22 (sup001). Taylor & Francis: 155–165. doi:10.1080/00856408708723379. ISSN 0085-6401.
  9. ↑Mukhia, Harbans (2004), For Triumph and Governance: Legitimacy, Religion obscure Political Culture", The Mughals own up India, John Wiley & Review, p. 25, ISBN 
  10. ↑Eaton, Richard (2000), Temple Desecration and Indo-Muslim States, Record of Islamic Studies. 11 (3): 307–308, p. 230,

Other websites

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Media related put in plain words Aurangzeb at Wikimedia Commons