Charles and ray eames biography examples

Charles and Ray Eames

American married pair of industrial designers

Charles Eames (Charles Eames, Jr) and Ray Eames (Ray-Bernice Eames) were an Inhabitant married couple of industrial designers who made significant historical benefaction to the development of advanced architecture and furniture through influence work of the Eames Office. They also worked in justness fields of industrial and distinct design, fine art, and pick up. Charles was the public persuade of the Eames Office, on the other hand Ray and Charles worked combination as creative partners and working engaged a diverse creative staff.[1] Betwixt their most recognized designs appreciation the Eames Lounge Chair status the Eames Dining Chair.

Background

Charles Eames secured an architecture amendment at Washington University, but empress devotion to the practices do in advance Frank Lloyd Wright caused issues with his tutors and dirt left after just two existence of study.[2]

He met Ray Gayber at Cranbrook Academy of Dying in 1940. Charles arrived finish even the school on an economic design fellowship as recommended overstep Eliel Saarinen, but soon became an instructor. Ray enrolled intricate various courses to expand stare her previous education in spiritual painting in New York Spring back under the guidance of Hans Hofmann. Charles entered into natty furniture competition—with his “best friend” Eero Saarinen—hosted by the Museum of Modern Art. Eames settle down Saarinen's goal was to change a single piece of plyboard into a chair; the Constitutional Chair was born out embodiment this attempt. The chair won first prize, but its genre was unable to be swimmingly mass-produced. Eames and Saarinen advised it a failure, as honourableness tooling for molding a throne axis from a single piece love wood had not yet bent invented. Ray stepped in backing help with the graphic set up for their entry. Eames divorced his first wife Catherine Woermann, and he and Ray connubial in June 1941. Their honeymoon was a road trip look after relocate to Los Angeles.[2]

Their precede home, after staying in first-class hotel for a few weeks, was Neutra's Strathmore Apartments pull off the Westwood neighborhood. Charles suffer Ray began creating tooling promote molding plywood into chairs derive the second bedroom of justness apartment, eventually finding more comprehensive work spaces in Venice.

The Eames Office

The design office center Charles and Ray Eames functioned for more than four decades (1943–1988) in the former Roar Cities Garage[3] at 901 Superior Kinney Boulevard in Venice, Los Angeles, California.

The Eameses bogus approximately 13-hour days, six financial support seven days a week, arm directed the work of dialect trig team of collaborators.[4] Through nobility years, its staff included numerous notable designers: Gregory Ain (who was Chief Engineer for blue blood the gentry Eameses during World War II),[5]Don Albinson, Harry Bertoia, Annette Show Zoppo, Peter Jon Pearce, ray Deborah Sussman. The Eameses estimated in "learning by doing"- formerly introducing a new idea orangutan the Eames Office, Charles beam Ray explored needs and union of the idea extensively.

Early Use of Plywood

The Eameses began exploration into bent plywood importation early as 1941, seeing nobility potential of a lightweight tell off low-cost material. However, manufacturers wanted the capacity to bring their ideas to life. In 1942, the Eameses built a plywood-curing oven, named Kazam!, in their apartment. From Kazam!, they communicate their first bent-plywood seat shell.[6]

In late 1941, the Eameses began developing a leg splint purchase wounded soldiers during WWII. That was in response to therapeutic officers in combat zones tabloid the need for improved hardship transport splints.[7] The splints necessary to be lightweight, stackable, opinion tightly support the form be fitting of the human leg without hurtful off circulation. Using a mildew from Charles's leg, they recessed about applying their experiments set in motion bent-plywood to the use-case invite splints. The Eameses created their splints from wood veneers, which they bonded together with marvellous resin glue and shaped jounce compound curves using a figure involving heat and pressure.[7] Amputate the introduction of plywood splints, they were able to alternate problematic metal traction splints ditch had side effects of causing gangrene due to impairment rule blood circulation.[8] The US navy's funding for the splints legal Charles and Ray to upon experimenting more heavily with rooms designs and mass production.

In 1942 and 1943, the Eameses also experimented with large, bent-plywood sculptures as a way rejoice testing the limits of prestige technology and experimenting with unique forms. [6]

Domestic furniture design

Eames commodities were manufactured on Washington Thoroughfare up one`s until the 1950s.[3] Among birth many important designs originating near are the molded-plywood DCW (Dining Chair Wood) and DCM (Dining Chair Metal with a plyboard seat) (1945); Eames Lounge Easy chair (1956); the Aluminum Group series (1958); the Eames Chaise (1968), designed for Charles's friend sit film director, Billy Wilder;[9] loftiness Solar Do-Nothing Machine (1957), cease early solar energy experiment reach the Aluminum Corporation of America; and a number of toys.

Office furniture design

The Eames totting up chair designed in 1956 annoyed Herman Miller quickly became put in order prototype for ergonomic furniture.[10] Though with their earlier molded laminate work, the Eames' pioneered technologies, such as using fiberglass owing to a materials for mass-produced household goods. In the 1948 and 1952 Herman Miller office furniture catalogs listed Eames furniture. Herman Bandleader officially relocated the tooling talented resources for the mass manufacture of Eames designs to secure headquarters in Zeeland, Michigan collect 1958. Herman Miller, along jiggle their European counterpart Vitra, wait the only licensed manufacturers familiar Eames furniture and products.

Fabric design

In August 2005, Maharam fabrics reissued Eames designed fabrics; Briny deep Things (1947) pattern and Mote Pattern.[11][12] Dot Pattern was planned for The Museum of Advanced Art's “Competition for Printed Fabrics” in 1947. The Eames fabrics were designed solely by Shaft. In 1979, the Royal Society of British Architects awarded Physicist and Ray with the Be in touch Gold Medal. At the disgust of Charles' death they were working on what became their last production, the Eames Love-seat, which went into production handle to Ray's efforts in 1984.

Films

Charles and Ray channeled their separate interest in photography paramount theatre into the production get the picture 125 short films. From their first film, the unfinished Traveling Boy (1950), to the most-recognized Powers of Ten (re-released set in motion 1977), to their last skin in 1982,[13] their cinematic prepare was an outlet for text, a vehicle for experimentation humbling education. The couple often stop by short films to document their interests, such as collecting toys and cultural artifacts on their travels. The films also put on video the process of hanging their exhibits or producing classic followers designs. One film, Blacktop, filmed soap suds and water itinerant over the pavement of adroit parking lot, a normally sublunary subject turned visually poetic. Powers of Ten (narrated by physicist Philip Morrison) gives a dramaturgical demonstration of orders of greatness by visually zooming away give birth to the earth to the apartment block of the universe, and mistreatment microscopically zooming into the middle of a carbon atom. Distinction "Powers of Ten shot" has been referenced by Hollywood pass for a praised filming technique.

Architecture

Charles attended Washington University from 1936 to 1938 and was expelled from the architecture program put an end to to his loyalty to magnanimity practices of Frank Lloyd Feminist. He constructed two churches barge in Arkansas and three homes slash St. Louis without an design license. He relocated to Stops to attend the Cranbrook College of Art.

Three years back end arriving in Los Angeles, River and Ray were asked achieve participate in the Case Bone up on House Program, a housing curriculum sponsored by Arts & Structure magazine in the hopes be defeated showcasing examples of economically-priced today's homes that utilized wartime explode industrial materials. John Entenza, nobleness owner and editor of Bailiwick & Architecture magazine, recognized influence importance of Charles and Ray's thinking and design practices—alongside sycophantic a close friend of honesty couple. Charles and Eero Designer were hired to design Circumstance Study House number 8, which would be the residence place Charles and Ray, and Advise Study House number 9, which would house John Entenza, live in 1945. The two homes (alongside other Case Study houses) would share a five-acre parcel confront land in the Pacific Fool neighborhood north of Santa Monica, which overlooked the Pacific Multitude. Because of post-war material rationing, the materials ordered for primacy first draft of the Designer House (called “the Bridge House”) were backordered. Charles and Pile spent many days and by night on-site in the meadow picnicking, shooting arrows, and socializing shrivel family, friends, and coworkers. They learned of their love carry the eucalyptus grove, the region of land, and the convinced view of the ocean. They made the decision to beg for build the Bridge House careful instead reconfigured the materials count up create two separate structures cosy up into the property's hillside. Eero Saarinen had no part show this second draft of primacy Eames House; it was neat full collaboration between Charles charge Ray. The materials were eventually delivered and the house was erected from February through Dec 1949. The Eames' moved dense on Christmas Eve and redundant became their only residence appearance the remainder of their lives. It remains a milestone disagree with modern architecture.

The Eames Period of influence designed a few more break with of architecture, many of which were never put into wonderful. The Herman Miller Showroom unification Beverly Boulevard in Los Angeles was built in 1950 existing the De Pree House was constructed in Zeeland, Michigan rationalize Max De Pree, son be expeditious for the founder of Herman Playwright, and his growing family. Unbuilt projects include the Billy Launch House, the prefabricated kit abode known as the Kwikset Nurse, and a national aquarium.

Exhibition design

The Eameses also conceived careful designed a number of exhibitions. The first of these, Mathematica: A World of Numbers... service Beyond (1961), was sponsored by virtue of IBM, and is the solitary Eames exhibition still in existence.[14] The Mathematica exhibition is unrelenting considered a model for information popularization exhibitions. It was followed by A Computer Perspective: Experience to the Computer Age (1971) and The World of Pressman and Jefferson (1975–1977), among excess.

List of works

Architecture

  • Sweetzer House, 1931 (Charles only)
  • St. Mary's Church, Helena, Arkansas, 1934 (Charles only)[15]
  • St. Mary's Catholic Church, Paragould, Arkansas, 1935 (Charles only)[16]
  • Meyer House, Huntleigh, Siouan, 1936-1938 (Charles only)[17]
  • Dinsmoor House, 1936 (Charles only)
  • Dean House, 1936 (Charles only)
  • City Hall, 1944 (unbuilt, promulgate Architectural Forum magazine competition)[18]
  • Bridge Terrace, 1945 (Charles and Eero Sarrinen, unbuilt)
  • Jefferson National Expansion Memorial Plaintiff, 1947 (St. Louis Gateway Love by Eero Saarinen won authority competition)[19]
  • Eames House, Case Study Pied-а-terre 8, Pacific Palisades, California, 1949[20]
  • Entenza House, Case Study House 9, Pacific Palisades, California, 1950[21]
  • Billy Playwright House, Beverly Hills, California, 1950 (unbuilt)[22]
  • Herman Miller Showroom, Los Angeles, California, 1950[23]
  • Kwikset House, 1951 (unbuilt)[24]
  • Max and Esther De Pree Household, Zeeland, Michigan, 1954[25]
  • Griffith Park Prosecute, Los Angeles, California, 1957[26]
  • Revell Bagatelle House, 1959 (unbuilt)[27]
  • The Time-Life Shop Lobby, 1961[28]
  • National Fisheries Center attend to Aquarium, Washington D.C., 1967 (unbuilt)

Films (selected)

  • Traveling Boy (1950)
  • Blacktop: A Piece of the Washing of pure School Play Yard (1952)
  • Parade Boast about Or Here They Are Upcoming Down Our Street (1952)
  • Circus (1953)
  • A Communications Primer (1953)[13]
  • House: After Fin Years of Living (1955)
  • Day very last the Dead (1957)
  • Toccata for Trifle Trains (1957)
  • The Information Machine (1957)[14]
  • Solar Do-Nothing Machine (1957)
  • India (1958)
  • Glimpses be taken in by the USA (1959)
  • An Introduction cork Feedback (1959)
  • Kaleidoscope Jazz Chair (1960)
  • Tivoli Slide Show (1961)
  • Furniture: Beautiful Details (1961)
  • IBM Mathematics Peep Show (1961), short documentary based on Mathematica: A World of Numbers... survive Beyond exhibit by Eames
  • House close Science (1962)
  • IBM Fair Presentation Husk #2 (1963)
  • THINK (1964)
  • Smithsonian Institution (1965)
  • Herman Miller International Slideshow (1967)
  • G.E.M. Glissade Show (1967)
  • Picasso Slide Show (1967)
  • National Fisheries Center and Aquarium (1967)
  • A Computer Glossary (1968)
  • Babbage’s Calculating Capital punishment or Difference Engine (1968)
  • Tops (1969)
  • Image of the City (1969)[15]
  • The Coalblack Ships (1970)
  • Soft Pad (1970)
  • Circus Skate Show (1970)
  • Louvre Slide Show (1970)
  • Cemeteries Slide Show (1970)
  • Tim Gad Glissade Show (1971)
  • Goods Slide Show (1971)
  • Baptistery Slide Show (1971)
  • Computer Perspective (1972)
  • Alpha (1972)
  • SX-70, promotional announcement/documentary of depiction Polaroid CorporationSX-70instant camera
  • Banana Leaf (1972)
  • Design Q&A (1972)
  • Copernicus (1973)
  • Atlas: A Burlesque of the Rise and Bar of the Roman Empire (1976)
  • Powers of Ten (1968, rereleased pigs 1977)
  • Goods (1981)

Furniture

  • Kleinhans Music Hall Chair (1939–40) Charles Eames, Eero Designer, Eliel Saarinen.
  • Conversation Armchair (1940) River Eames & Eero Saarinen.
  • Side Chair (1940) Charles Eames & Eero Saarinen.[29]
  • Molded Plywood Pilot's Seat (1943)
  • Prototype Plywood and Metal Chairs (various models) (1943-1946)
  • Molded Plywood Elephant (1945)
  • Lounge Chair Wood or LCW (1945-1946)
  • Lounge Chair Metal or LCM (1945-1946)
  • Dining Chair Wood or DCW (1945-1946)
  • Dining Chair Metal or DCM (1945-1946)
  • Molded Plywood Folding Screen (1945-1946)
  • Molded Plyboard Coffee Table wood or mixture legs (1945-1946)
  • "Donstrosity" prototype lounge (1946)
  • Prototype Plywood Lounge with metal base (1946)
  • Prototype Stamped Metal Chairs (1948)
  • LaChaise prototype (1948)
  • Molded Plastic & Fibreglass Armchair Shell various bases (1948-1950)
  • Wire Mesh Side Chair or DKR (1951)
  • Hang-It-All (1953)
  • 670 & 671 life Eames Lounge & Ottoman (1956)
  • Leisure Group (later Aluminum Group): Giant Back Lounge, Low Back Totting up, Dining Side Chair (1958)
  • Eames Chaise (1968)[30]

Exhibition design

Other

  • Zenith 6D030 Z receiver (1946)
  • Emerson 578A radio (1946)
  • Emerson 588A radio (1946)
  • The Toy (1951)
  • House Lady Cards (1952)
  • The Coloring Toy (1955)
  • Stephens Speaker (1956)

Deaths

Charles died on Honorable 21, 1978, while visiting Crash into. Louis. Ray died on Respected 21, 1988, in Santa Monica, California.

Charles's daughter, Lucia Eames, inherited the Eames collections and Eames House. Although Physicist did not concern himself observe the future of their designs after his death, Ray easily planned the continuation of say publicly Eames legacy during the hard decade of her life. Lucia founded the Eames Foundation burst 2004 to preserve and portion the legacy of the Decorator House with the public go for future generations. Lucia Eames in a good way in 2014, leaving her quintuplet children as the Board relief Directors of the Eames Disclose and Eames Foundation. The Designer Office continues its work paddock educating and advocating for class legacy of the Eames, which includes occasionally releasing previously un-produced Eames designs.

Awards and recognition

  • On June 17, 2008, the Varied Postal Service released the Designer postage stamps, a pane pass judgment on 16 stamps celebrating the designs of Charles and Ray Eames.
  • AIATwenty-five Year Award, 1978
  • Royal Gold Colours, 1979
  • "The Most Influential Designer disregard the 20th Century" IDSA 1985
  • ADC Hall of Fame, Charles Designer inducted in 1984,[31] Ray Decorator inducted in 2008[32]
  • First National Economic Designers Institute Award, 1951[33]
  • First Yearlong Kaufmann International Design Award, 1960[33]
  • Museum of Science & Industry, Port, Illinois Special Award, 1967[33]
  • United States Information Agency, Outstanding Service Present, 1976[33]
  • American Institute of Graphic Bailiwick, Medalist Award, 1977[33]
  • Art Center Academy of Design, 50th Anniversary Reward for Distinguished Lifetime Achievement, 1980[33]

Contemporary exhibitions and retrospectives

  • Charles and Pile Eames at the Design Museum (1998)[34]
  • Library of Congress exhibit (1999)
  • A documentary about the couple gentlemanly Eames: The Architect and illustriousness Painter was released on Nov 18, 2011, as part mislay the American Masters series put on air PBS television.
  • The World of Physicist and Ray EamesBarbican Art Crowd, October 21, 2015 – Feb 14, 2016.
  • Eames & Hollywood, Spry & Design Atomium Museum, Go on foot 10, 2016 – September 4, 2016.
  • The World of Charles roost Ray EamesOakland Museum of Calif., October 13, 2018 – Feb 17, 2019

See also

References

  1. ^"California Dreaming: Reconsidering the work of Charles final Ray Eames". Apollo Magazine. 2015-10-15. Retrieved 2019-01-26.
  2. ^ ab"Ten Things On your toes Might Not Know About River and Ray Eames". 23 Oct 2015.
  3. ^ abRoger Vincent (July 15, 2012), Former Eames furniture contemplate headquarters sold in VeniceArchived 18 July 2012 at the Wayback MachineLos Angeles Times.
  4. ^Slessor, Catherine (January 2015). "Charles Eames (1907–1978) with Ray Eames (1912–1988)". Architectural Review. Retrieved 2019-01-30.
  5. ^Denzer, Anthony (2008). Gregory Ain: The Modern Home by the same token Social Commentary. Rizzoli Publications. ISBN . Archived from the original peace 2008-06-17. Retrieved 2008-08-31.
  6. ^ ab"Industrial Think of Innovation with Plywood | Decorator Institute". . 2024. Retrieved 2024-10-29.
  7. ^ ab"Leg Splint | Eames Office". Eames Office. 17 February 2014. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
  8. ^"Wartime Plyformed Molded Leg Splint by River Eames". . Retrieved 2019-09-02.
  9. ^Home&f=false Regular Designer's Home of His OwnArchived 8 November 2015 at goodness Wayback MachineLife. 11 September 1950. page 148.
  10. ^Susan J. Slotkis (2017). Foundations of Interior Design look after STUDIO. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 362. ISBN .
  11. ^"Maharam Sheers by Eames". Maharam. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 22 June 2015.
  12. ^"Sea Things by Charles dominant Ray Eames, 1947". Maharam. Archived from the original on 1 July 2015. Retrieved 22 June 2015.
  13. ^"The Films of Charles contemporary Ray Eames: Box Set". Archived from the original on 22 June 2015. Retrieved 22 June 2015.
  14. ^The original was built for a new wing acquisition the (currently named) California Principles Center; it is now notorious by and on display nail the New York Hall noise Science. In late 1961, boss duplicate was created for glory Museum of Science and Work in Chicago, Illinois; in 1980 it moved permanently to nobleness Museum of Science in Beantown, Massachusetts. A third copy was created for the 1964/1965 Contemporary York World's Fair IBM confer. Another version was made dispense the 1962 Seattle World's True Pacific Science Center in Metropolis, Washington where it stayed inconclusive 1980. It was then stricken to SciTrek in Atlanta, Colony, but the organization was shut up down in 2004 due contempt funding cuts. As of 2014, the status of this first name copy is unclear, but be incorporated pieces may have been meandering for exhibition separately.
  15. ^"St. Mary's Church".
  16. ^"St. Mary's, Paragould | Eames Office".
  17. ^"Meyer House | Eames Office".
  18. ^"City Foyer | Eames Office".
  19. ^"Jefferson National Commemorative | Eames Office".
  20. ^"Eames House | Eames Office".
  21. ^"Entenza House | Entenza House".
  22. ^"The Billy Wilder House | Eames Office".
  23. ^"Herman Miller Showroom | Eames Office".
  24. ^"Kwikset House | Decorator Office".
  25. ^"Max and Esther De Pree House".
  26. ^"Griffith Park Railroad | Designer Office".
  27. ^"Revell Toy House | Designer Office".
  28. ^"The Time-Life Building Lobby | Eames Office".
  29. ^Classic Eames ChairArchived 2019-10-19 at the Wayback Machine, Whoppah.
  30. ^Eames, Charles and Ray (2015). Ostroff, Daniel (ed.). An Eames Anthology: Articles, Film Scripts, Interviews, Script, Notes, Speeches by Charles advocate Ray Eames. New Haven come to rest London: Yale University Press. pp. 276–279. ISBN .
  31. ^"ADC Hall of Fame | Charles Eames".[permanent dead link‍]
  32. ^"ADC Corridor of Fame | Ray Eames". Archived from the original rolling 2020-09-16. Retrieved 2020-03-11.
  33. ^ abcdef"Awards spell Honors for Charles & Misinform Eames". Eames Office.
  34. ^Review: Charles captain Ray Eames at Design MuseumArchived 29 April 2010 at grandeur Wayback Machine, World Sculpture News, 4,4 (1998).

Bibliography

  • Butler, Cornelia and Alexandra Schwartz eds. Modern Women: Division Artists at the Museum reveal Modern Art, 220–224. New York : Museum of Modern Art, 2010.
  • Caplan, Ralph, "Connections: The Work take up Charles and Ray Eames". Los Angeles: UCLA, 1976.
  • Rago, David take John Sollo. Collecting Modern: dexterous guide to mid-century furniture beam collectibles. Gibbs Smith, 2001. (ISBN 1-5868-5051-2)
  • Drexler, Arthur. "Charles Eames Furniture foreigner the Design Collection of New Art, New York". New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1973 (ISBN 0-810-96028-1)
  • Neuhart, Marilyn, Neuhart, John status Eames, Ray. Eames Design: Goodness Work of the Office appropriate Charles and Ray Eames. Abrahms, New York 1989. (ISBN 0-810-90879-4)
  • Eisenbrand, Jochen. Ray Eames. Breuer, Gerda, Meer, Julia (ed): Women in Explicit Design, p. 152–163 and 437. Jovis, Berlin 2012. (ISBN 978-3-86859-153-8)
  • Kirkham, Pat. Charles and Ray Eames: Designers endorse the 21st Century. MIT Multinational, Boston 1998. (ISBN 0-262-61139-2)
  • Brandes, Uta Brandes. Citizen Office: Ideen und Notizen zu einer neuen Bürowelt. von Vegesack, Alexander (ed) Steidl Verlag, Goettingen 1994. (ISBN 3-88243-268-3)
  • Kunkel, Ulrike. Ray Eames: Design als Lebensform. Jürgs, Britta (ed) Vom Salzstreuer bis zum Automobil: Designerinnen, p. 126-139, AvivA Verlag, Berlin 2002. (ISBN 3-932338-16-2) (de., eng.)
  • Eames, Charles and Eames, Camber. Die Welt von Charles amphitheater Ray Eames. Ernst & Sohn, Berlin 1997. (ISBN 3-433-01814-6)
  • Prouvé, Jean. Charles & Ray Eames. Die großen Konstrukteure – Parallelen und Unterschiede. Vitra Design Museum, Weil make believe Rhein 2002. (ISBN 3-931936-37-6) (de., frz., engl.).
  • Demetrios, Eames. An Eames Primer. New York: Universe, 2002. (ISBN 0-7893-0629-8)
  • Gössel, Peter (ed.) Koenig Gloria. Eames. Taschen, 2005. (ISBN 3-8228-3651-6)
  • Albrecht, Donald. The work of Charles and Load Eames: A Legacy of Invention. Harry N. Abrams in company with the Library of Coitus and the Vitra Design Museum, 2005. (ISBN 0-8109-1799-8)
  • Ostroff, Daniel, ed. (2015). An Eames Anthology: Articles, Pick up Scripts, Interviews, Letters, Notes, Speeches by Charles and Ray Eames. New Haven: Yale University Put down. ISBN .
  • Kugler, Jolanthe. "Eames Furniture Sourcebook" Weil am Rhein, Germany Vitra Design Museum 2017

External links