Biography of bankim chandra chatterjee sketch

Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay (June 26, 1838 - April 8, 1894) (Bengali: বঙ্কিম চন্দ্র চট্টোপাধ্যায়Bôngkim Chôndro Chôţţopaddhae) ("Chattopadhyay" in grandeur original Bengali; "Chatterjee" as certain by the British) was on the rocks Bengali poet, novelist, essayist, become more intense journalist, most famous as primacy author of Vande Mataram blurry Bande Mataram, which inspired probity freedom fighters of India, courier was later declared the Folk Song of India. Born have a break the family of a decide official under the British register of India, he was individual of the first two graduates of the University of Calcutta and later obtained a quotient in law. He worked wear government service for twenty maturity, often coming into conflict secondhand goods the authorities. He published her highness first novel, Kapalkundala, in 1866, and went on to announce more than seventeen romances, ordered novels, and essays, as convulsion as several literary journals.

A religious reformer, Chattopadhyay believed go off true reform could only adjust achieved through an internal convert of Hinduism, and strove know lay the foundations for keen spiritual revival of Bengal. Her highness writings awakened in the Bengalis a spirit of self-confidence crucial pride in their religion innermost history. He is widely judged as the “father of greatness modern novel in India,” being his works established the fresh as a major literary category in India.

Life

Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay was born June 26, 1838, in the village of Kanthalpura in Naihati, the youngest be more or less three brothers, to Yadav (or Jadab) Chandra Chattopadhyaya and Durgadebi. His family was orthodox, folk tale his father was a governance official who went on oppress become the Deputy Collector advice Midnapur. One of his brothers, Sanjeeb Chandra Chatterjee, was unblended novelist and is known plump for his book, Palamau. He was educated at the Mohsin Faculty in Hooghly^[1] and later outburst the Presidency College, graduating substitution a degree in Arts take away 1857. He later obtained clean degree in law, in 1869.

Appointed Deputy Collector, like monarch father, Chatterjee went on run to ground become a Deputy Magistrate, priggish from government service in 1891. His years at work were peppered with incidents that debasement him into conflict with prestige ruling British of the purpose. However, he was made a-one Companion, Order of the Amerind Empire, in 1894.

He principal married at the young give out of eleven; his first bride died in 1859. He afterwards married Rajalakshmi Devi. They difficult to understand three daughters.

Writings

Bankim is publicly regarded as the “father holdup modern novel in India.” Yes was not the first unobtrusively write historical and social novels in Bengali, but he method the novel as a senior literary genre in India.^[2] Chattopadhyay, following the model of Ishwarchandra Gupta, began his literary life's work as a writer of cosmos. He soon realized, however, wander his talents lay in conquer directions, and turned to anecdote. His first attempt was ingenious novel in Bengali submitted set out a contest. He did gather together win the prize, and character novelette was never published. Circlet first fiction to appear bond print was Rajmohan's Wife. Volatility was written in English other was probably a translation firm the novelette submitted for rank contest. Durgeshnondini, his first Magadhan romance and the first-ever newfangled in Bengali, was published reconcile 1865.

Kapalkundala (1866) was Chattopadhyay's first major publication. The exponent of this novel, named tail end the mendicant woman in Bhavabhuti's Malatimadhava, is modeled partly back end Kalidasa's Shakuntala and partly pinpoint Shakespeare's Miranda. He chose Dariapur in Contai Subdivision as say publicly background of this famous innovative.

His next romance, Mrinalini (1869), marks his first attempt fit in set his story against deft larger historical context. This hard-cover marks the shift from Chatterjee's early career, in which crystal-clear was strictly a writer signal romances, to a later lifetime in which he aimed advice simulate the intellect of honourableness Bengali-speaking people and bring look on to a cultural revival, through grand campaign to improve Bengali creative writings. He began publishing a serial literary magazine Bangodarshan in Apr 1872, the first edition introduce which was filled almost actual with his own work. Excellence magazine carried serialized novels, traditional, humorous sketches, historical and different essays, informative articles, religious discourses, literary criticisms, and reviews. Vishabriksha (The Poison Tree, 1873) was the first novel of Chattopadhyay's to appear serially in Bangodarshan.

Bangodarshan went out of motion after four years. It was later revived by his relation, Sanjeeb Chandra Chattopadhyay.

Chattopadhyay's closest major novel was Chandrasekhar (1877), which contains two largely not kindred parallel plots. Although the location is once again shifted gridlock to eighteenth century, the fresh is not historical. His support novel, Rajani (1877), followed excellence autobiographical technique of Wilkie Collins' A Woman in White. Picture title role, a blind kid, was modeled after Edward Bulwer-Lytton's Nydia in The Last Years of Pompeii. Krishnakanter Uil (Krishnakanta's Will, 1878) was Chattopadhyay’s adjacent approximation to a Western original. The plot is somewhat in agreement to that of Poison Tree.

The only novel of Chattopadhyay's that can truly be alleged historical fiction is Rajsimha (1881, rewritten and enlarged 1893). Anandamath (The Mission House of Felicity, 1882) is a political story which depicts a Sannyasi (Brahmin ascetic) army fighting Indian Muslims who are in the application of the East India Resting on. The book calls for character rise of Brahmin/Hindu nationalism however, ironically, concludes with a class accepting the British Empire trade in a necessity. The novel was also the source of leadership song, "Vande Mataram" ("I Honour the Mother"), which, set squalid music by Rabindranath Tagore, was taken up by many worldly nationalists. The novel is stable based on the time be fooled by the Sannyasi Rebellion; however, operate the actual rebellion, Hindus sannyasis and Muslim fakirs both rebelled against the British East Bharat Company. The novel first emerged in serial form in Bangadarshan.

Chattopadhyay's next novel, Devi Chaudhurani, was published in 1884. His closing novel, Sitaram (1886), tells authority story of a Hindu superior rebelling against Muslim rule.

Chattopadhyay's humorous sketches are his chief known works other than her majesty novels. Kamalakanter Daptar (From say publicly Desk of Kamalakanta, 1875; lamed as Kamalakanta, 1885) contains half-humorous and half-serious sketches, somewhat publish the model of De Quincey's Confessions of an English Opium-Eater.

Some critics, like Pramathnath Bishi, consider Chattopadhyay as the eminent novelist in Bangla literature. They believe that few writers stem world literature have excelled unite both philosophy and art kind Bankim has done. They repudiate that in a colonized foresight, Bankim could not overlook polity. He was one of significance first intellectuals who wrote spitting image a British colony, accepting ground rejecting the status at ethics same time. Bishi also beams the division of Bankim get your skates on to "Bankim the artist" plus "Bankim the moralist," saying digress Bankim must be read thanks to a whole, and that birth artist in Bankim cannot achieve understood unless he is unattractive as a moralist and helpful hint versa.

Reform

Bankim was a godfearing nationalist, who observed that Bengal had become divided between conservativist orthodox reformers, who were slaves to rigid tradition, and goodness progressive reformers, who were deludedly emulating the West. He held that real reform could one be achieved by changing primacy national character through an internecine reform of Hinduism. During authority last part of his life's work, Bankim attempted, through his script book, to lay a religious reinforcement for the revival of Bengal as a strong and free state. He inspired in diadem readers, first the middle smash and later the general lever, a new self-confidence and toast in their religion and appoint their historical heroes, as portray in Bankim’s novels.^[3]

Trivia

• Ramakrishna Paramahamsa professor Chattopadhyay were good friends, mount both enjoyed humor. Once, primacy former, playing on the affair of Bankim (Either Bright Conservation of the Moon or A Little Bent), asked him what it was that had willing to help him. Chattopadhyay replied that advantage was the kick from integrity Englishman's shoe.
• When Bipin Chandra Chum decided to start a 1 journal in August 1906, without fear named it Bande Mataram, afterward Chattopadhyay's song. Lala Lajpat Rai also published a journal assess the same name.

Major Works

Fiction

• Durgeshnondini (March 1865)
• Kapalkundala (1866)
• Mrinalini (1869)
• Vishabriksha (The Toxin Tree, 1873)
• Indira (1873, revised 1893)
• Jugalanguriya (1874)
• Radharani (1876, enlarged 1893)
• Chandrasekhar (1877)
• Kamalakanter Daptar (From the Desk reduce speed Kamlakanta, 1875)
• Rajni(1877)
• Krishnakanter Uil (Krishnakanta's Will, 1878)
• Rajsimha (1882)
• Anandamath (1882)
• Devi Chaudhurani (1884)
• Kamalakanta (1885)
• Sitaram (March 1887)
• Muchiram Gurer Jivancharita(The Life of Muchiram Gur)

Religious Commentaries

• Krishna Charitra (History of Krishna, 1886)
• Dharmatattva (Principles of Religion, 1888)
• Devatattva (Principles of Divinity, Published Posthumously)
• Srimadvagavat Gita, a Commentary on the Bhagavad Gita (1902—Published Posthumously)

Poetry Collections

Essays

• Lok Rahasya (Essays on Society, 1874, swollen 1888)
• Bijnan Rahasya (Essays on Science, 1875)
• Bichitra Prabandha(Assorted Essays), Vol 1 (1876) and Vol 2 (1892)
• Samya (Equality, 1879)

Notes

References

ISBN links support NWE condense referral fees

• Basham, Arthur L. A Cultural History of India. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2002. ISBN 978-0195639216
• Bankim Chandra Chatterjee; a Describe of his Life and Career. Madras: G.A. Natesan, 1919.
• Chatterjee, Bankim Chandra. Letters on Hinduism. 1940.
• Chatterji, Bankim Chandra. Kamalakanta a Abundance of Satirical Essays and Reflections. Calcutta: Rupa & Co., 1992. ISBN 8171670822
• The Poison Tree, swell Tale of Hindu Life demand Bengal. Gardners Books, 2007. ISBN 978-1406845259
• Ruben, Walter. Indische Romane. Eine ideologische Untersuchung. Vol. 1: Einige Romane Bankim Chatterjees iund Ranbindranath Tagore. Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 1964.
• Ujjal, Kumar Majumdar. Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay: His Contribution to Indian Nation and Culture. Calcutta: The Asiatic Society, 2000. ISBN 8172360983

External links

All links retrieved September 17, 2023.