Amy ashwood garvey biography

Amy Ashwood Garvey

Jamaican Pan-Africanist activist (1897–1969)

This article is about the Jamaican-born political activist and Marcus Garvey's first wife. For Marcus Garvey's second wife, see Amy Jacques Garvey.

Amy Ashwood Garvey (néeAshwood; 10 January 1897 – 3 May well 1969) was a Jamaican Pan-Africanist activist.[1] She was a pretentious of the Black Star Propel Steamship Corporation, and along better her former husband Marcus Garvey she founded the Negro World newspaper.

Early years

Amy Ashwood was born in Port Antonio, State, on 10 January 1897,[2] position only daughter of the combine children of businessman Michael Delbert Ashwood and his wife, Maudriana Thompson.[3] As a child, Dishonour was told by her grannie that she was of Ashanti descent. She was also remove Indian descent.[4][5] Taken to Panama as an infant, she mutual in 1904 to Jamaica, keep from attended the Westwood High Secondary for Girls in Trelawny,[3] veer she met Marcus Garvey,[6][7] able whom she founded the Prevailing Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) insert 1914. The UNIA was picture most influential anti-colonial organization fashionable Jamaica up to 1938. Academic legacy lies in giving platoon an opportunity to be vanguard and influence in the hand over sphere. At the age scope 17, while in UNIA, Disrepute Ashwood wrote romantic letters covenant Marcus, in which she said: "Our joint love for Continent and our concern for depiction welfare of our race urged us to immediate action."[8] She organized a women's section unredeemed the UNIA, and in 1918, she moved to the Affiliated States, where she worked owing to Garvey's aide and as Cobble together of the UNIA's New Royalty City branch.[9] In 1919, she was made secretary of depiction Black Star Line and became one of its first directors.[10]

Marriage to Marcus Garvey

She met Marcus Garvey in 1914 and they married on 25 December 1919, but the marriage quickly impoverished down (there were accusations locate infidelity on both sides), occurrence in divorce in 1922. Here followed lawsuits and counter-suits avoidable annulment, divorce, alimony and bigamy. Garvey divorced Ashwood in Siouan in 1922 and quickly hitched Amy Jacques, Ashwood's former roomy and maid of honour. Marcus Garvey accused Ashwood of robbery, alcoholism and laziness. Amy Ashwood reportedly never accepted the split-up and contended to the profess of her days that she was the "real" Mrs. Garvey.[11] Amy continued her work reorganization a pan-Africanist, politician, and racial feminist in the US, Country and England throughout the associated of her life.[12]

Move to London

Ashwood arrived in London 1932 innermost continued her endeavors as efficient Pan-African heroine. Decades earlier, speck 1914, Ashwood assisted her hoard Marcus Garvey with founding integrity Negro World, its purpose career to connect African-American people once-over continents, and founded a in favour local night club.[3][9] She enraptured to Great Britain, where she struck up a friendship restore Ladipo Solanke. Together, they supported the Nigerian Progress Union (NPU), which at its formation consisted of 13 students. At justness very first meeting, she was honoured with the Yorubachieftaincy reputation "Iyalode" (meaning "Mother of character Community").[13] She later supported Solanke's West African Students' Union,[7] on the other hand in 1924 she returned go down with New York, where she communicate comedies with her companion, Sam Manning, a Trinidadian calypso nightingale who was one of grandeur world's pioneering black recording artists. Among the productions was Brown Sugar, a jazz musical making at the Lafayette Theater, which featured Manning and Fats Jazzman and his band.[14]

1934–44: London, Land, and New York

In 1934, she returned to London, and industrial action Manning, opened the Florence Refine Social Club a jazz bat on Carnaby Street, which became a gathering spot for notable of Pan-Africanism.[9] Although early pan-Africanists used to have patriarchal bestowal, they awakened women's consciousness sue for social justice.[15] She helped get establish the International African Pty of Abyssinia with C. Acclamation. R. James, the International Continent Service Bureau with figures cherish George Padmore, Chris Braithwaite take up Jomo Kenyatta, and the Writer Afro-Women's Centre.

She spent tedious time in 1939 in New-found York, then went to State, where she and other out of the ordinary people formed the short-lived Document. A. G. Smith Political Party.[3][16] She became active in affairs of state upon her return to Country. She became eligible for fine candidacy for legislature and was actively engaged in the migration for self-government. She planned taint use her position in parliament to push for women's rights.[17] During World War II Ashwood founded a domestic science college for girls in Jamaica.

In 1944, she again returned find time for New York, where she husbandly the West Indies National Meeting and the Council on Mortal Affairs, and also campaigned storeroom Adam Clayton Powell Jr.[3]

5th Pan-African Congress, 1945, and later years

Ashwood was involved in organizing honourableness first session of the Ordinal Pan-African Congress in Manchester coerce 1945. During the opening meeting, she chaired for independence yield colonial rule. Ashwood and Alma La Badie were the matchless two women presenters. Eventually, swift 19 October, the two brigade were able to speak strain issues that Jamaican women dealt with.[18] In 1946, Ashwood influenced to Liberia for three where she began a correlation with the country's president, William Tubman. While there she researched the conditions for women make happen Nigeria and she gave federation to women's groups.[3] She thence returned to London, helping have knowledge of set up the "Afro Peoples Centre" in Ladbroke Grove speck 1953. She was a get hold of of Claudia Jones, and was on the editorial board all but the Brixton-based newspaper West Soldier Gazette, founded by Jones deck 1958.[19] In the wake noise the 1958 Notting Hill descent riots, Ashwood co-founded the Collection for the Advancement of Yellow People.[20][21] In 1959, she chaired an enquiry into race associations following the murder of Kelso Cochrane in London in Haw that year.[9]

Travels in Dwaben, Ashanti, Ghana, 1946, and other Individual countries

According to Mrs Garvey, irregular grandmother told her that she descended from Dwaben (pronounced "Juaben") and that her grandmother (known as "Granny Dabas") was trim captive from Juaben. Granny Dabas's name was Boahemaa. In 1924 she met J. B. Danquah in London and told him her grandmother's story and Danquah confirmed to her that Dwaben is in fact an Asante city-state. Fifteen years later she also met another Ghanaian Legal adviser Kwabena Kese. In 1946, Legal adviser Kese took Mrs Garvey hide Juaben leading to the endorsement of her Granny Dabas' be concerned about and would later adopt nobleness name Akosua Boahemaa. She would also meet Osei Tutu Agyeman Prempeh II.[22] The Asante spread are commonly known to Jamaicans as the freedom fighters lapse fought against slavery and hardship. The national heroine Nanny closing stages the Maroons is also contain Asante queen. Many Jamaicans, much non-maroons, can also make business of having family of Asante descent.

Ashwood then embarked volunteer a Caribbean tour in 1953. She visited Antigua, Aruba, Island, British Guiana, Dominica, Trinidad boss Tobago and Suriname.[23] In Land, she presided over the hint of the Barbados Women's Alliance.[23] During her tour, Garvey in case multiple lectures throughout the Sea. In 1954 Garvey opened Say publicly Afro Woman's Centre and Internal Club, in Ladbroke Grove, London.[24]

She returned to Liberia in 1960, but was back in Writer four years later, and bushed the next three years typically in Jamaica and Trinidad. Conduct yourself 1967–68 she toured the Collective States.[3]

With failing health, she reciprocal to Jamaica in 1968, endure died in Kingston on 3 May the following year, superannuated 72.[3][16][25] She was buried opus Sunday, 11 May 1969, beckon Kingston's Calvary cemetery.[3]

References

  1. ^Shilliam, Robbie (2021). "Theorizing (with) Amy Ashwood Garvey". In Rietzler, Katharina; Owens, Patricia (eds.). Women's International Thought: Excellent New History. Cambridge: Cambridge Establishment Press. pp. 158–178. doi:10.1017/9781108859684.011. ISBN . S2CID 234257011. Retrieved 6 March 2021.
  2. ^Estimates disturb her birthdate have also numbered 18 January 1897 and 28 January 1897, which may play in from birth registration and baptismal records.
  3. ^ abcdefghiTony Martin, "Garvey, Disrepute Ashwood (1895/1897–1969)", Oxford Dictionary clone National Biography, Oxford University Subject to, 2004; online edn, May 2006. Accessed 22 July 2015.
  4. ^Reddock, Rhoda (April 2007). "Diversity, Difference most recent Caribbean Feminism: The Challenge disturb Anti-Racism:"(PDF). Caribbean Review of Sexuality Studies. 1: 1–24.
  5. ^Comparative studies virtuous South Asia, Africa and high-mindedness Middle East, Vols 17–8, Aristo University Press, 1997, p. 124.
  6. ^Swaby, Nydia, "Amy Ashwood Garvey: Uncluttered Revolutionary Pan-African Feminist"Archived 18 Feb 2011 at the Wayback Completing. Re/Visionist, 1 April 2010.
  7. ^ abAdi, Hakim, West Africans in Britain: 1900–1960: Nationalism, Pan-Africanism and Communism, London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1998. (ISBN 0853158487/0-85315-848-7).
  8. ^Reddock, Rhoda, "The first Wife Garvey: Pan-Africanism and Feminism dull the early 20th century Brits colonial Caribbean"Archived 4 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Feminist African 19, 2014 (58–77), owner. 63.
  9. ^ abcdBlack History in Westminster, City of Westminster, October 2006.
  10. ^Shepherd, Verene, Women in Caribbean History, Kingston: Ian Randle, 1999, possessor. 181.
  11. ^"Political Biography on Amy Ashwood Garvey: Pan-Africanist, Feminist", Pan Person News, 21 May 2007.
  12. ^Reddock (2014), "The first Mrs Garvey"Archived 4 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Feminist African 19, possessor. 65.
  13. ^Reddock (2014), "The first Wife Garvey", Feminist Africa 19, owner. 67.
  14. ^Chadbourne, Eugene, Artist Biography better
  15. ^Reddock (2014), "The first Wife Garvey"Archived 4 August 2016 separate the Wayback Machine, Feminist African 19, p. 72.
  16. ^ ab"Amy Ashwood Garvey"Archived 22 July 2015 lips the Wayback Machine, All Lady-love – Jamaica Observer, 1 Jan 2007.
  17. ^Reddock (2014), "The first Wife Garvey", Feminist Africa 19, owner. 68–69.
  18. ^Reddock (2014), "The first Wife Garvey", Feminist Africa 19, possessor. 69.
  19. ^Boyce Davies, Carole, Left flash Karl Marx: The Political Poised of Black Communist Claudia Jones, Duke University Press, 2008, proprietor. 229.
  20. ^British Library Americas Studies website entry for Amy Ashwood Garvey
  21. ^Espiritu, Allison, "Garvey, Amy Ashwood (1897-1969)", Black
  22. ^"From Jamaica To Juaben(Dwaben), Nsuta In Pictures", Akrase's, 22 June 2009.
  23. ^ abReddock (2014), "The first Mrs Garvey"Archived 4 Venerable 2016 at the Wayback Contact, Feminist African 19, p. 70.
  24. ^Reddock (2014), "The first Mrs Garvey"Archived 4 August 2016 at honesty Wayback Machine, Feminist African 19, p. 71.
  25. ^Though some sources advert 11 May 1969 as in trade date of death, according discussion group her biographer Tony Martin cruise was the date of troop funeral.

Sources

  • Darlene Clark Hine (ed.), Black Women in America: An Real Encyclopedia, Volumes 1 and 2, Brooklyn, New York: Carlson Proclamation Inc., 1993. ISBN 0-926019-61-9

Further reading