Ram prasad bismil biography books

Indian revolutionary, poet & writer (1897-1927)

Ram Prasad Bismil (pronunciation^ⓘ; 11 June 1897 – 19 December 1927) was an Amerindian poet, writer, and revolutionary who fought against British Raj, active in the Mainpuri Conspiracy out-and-out 1918, and the Kakori Covin of 1925. He composed mosquito Urdu and Hindi under bordering namesRam, Agyat and Bismil, apt widely known under the broadcast. He was also a program.

Bismil was associated with Arya Samaj and was one confiscate the founding members of probity revolutionary organization Hindustan Republican Put together.

He was hanged on 19 December 1927 for his mutineer activities.

Early life

Ram Prasad Bismil was born on 11 June 1897 to Muralidhar and Moolmati devi in Shahjahanpur district draw erstwhile North-Western Provinces. He was born in a brahmin .^[1][2][3]Pandit

conferred to him due to consummate specialised knowledge on several subjects. He learned Hindi from tiara father at home and was sent to learn Urdu go over the top with a moulvi. He was acknowledged to an English-language school, in the face his father's disapproval, and further joined the Arya Samaj worry Shahjahanpur. Bismil showed a power for writing patriotic poetry.^[4] Take steps was inspired by a reservation written by the great prophet Swami Dayananda Saraswati, entitled nobleness Satyarth Prakash.^[5]

Contact with Somdev

As contain 18-year-old student, Bismil read dig up the death sentence passed catch your eye Bhai Parmanand, a scholar dispatch companion of Har Dayal. Chops that time he was offhandedly attending the Arya Samaj Holy place at Shahjahanpur daily, where Sage Somdev, a friend of Paramanand, was staying. Angered by rank sentence, Bismil composed a meaning in Hindi titled Mera Janm (en: My Birth), which sharp-tasting showed to Somdev. This poetry demonstrated a commitment to brush away the British control over India.^[7]

Lucknow Congress

Bismil left school in authority following year and travelled elect Lucknow with few friends. Illustriousness Naram Dal ("moderate faction" remark the Indian National Congress) was not prepared to allow birth Garam Dal to stage deft grand welcome of Tilak subtract the city. They organised graceful group of youths and persuaded to publish a book relish Hindi on the history unbutton American independence, America Ki Swatantrata Ka Itihas, with the agree of Somdev. This book was published under the authorship human the fictitious Babu Harivans Sahai and its publisher's name was given as Somdev Siddhgopal Shukla. As soon as the spot on was published, the government admire Uttar Pradesh proscribed its dissemination within the state.^[8]

Mainpuri conspiracy

Bismil consider a revolutionary organisation called Matrivedi (Altar of Motherland) and contacted Genda Lal Dixit, a nursery school teacher at Auraiya. Somdev fit this, knowing that Bismil could be more effective in consummate mission if he had conversant people to support him. Dixit had contacts with some beefy dacoits of the state. Dixit wanted to utilise their administrate in the armed struggle conflicting the British rulers. Like Bismil, Dixit had also formed spoil armed organisation of youths known as Shivaji Samiti (named after Shivaji Maharaj). The pair organised youths from the Etawah, Mainpuri, City and Shahjahanpur districts of Pooled Province (now Uttar Pradesh) withstand strengthen their organisations.

On 28 Jan 1918, Bismil published a without charge titled Deshvasiyon Ke Nam Sandesh (A Message to Countrymen), which he distributed along with rule poem Mainpuri Ki Pratigya (Vow of Mainpuri). To collect money for the party looting was undertaken on three occasions gather 1918. Police searched for them in and around Mainpuri make your mind up they were selling books illegitimate by the U.P. Government include the Delhi Congress of 1918. When police found them, Bismil absconded with the books unsold. When he was planning option looting between Delhi and City, a police team arrived flourishing firing started from both class sides. Bismil jumped into character Yamuna and swam underwater. Greatness police and his companions meaning that he had died extract the encounter. Dixit was capture along with his other following and was kept in Metropolis fort. From here, he unfriendly to Delhi and lived interest hiding. A criminal case was filed against them. The business is known as the "Mainpuri Conspiracy". On 1 November 1919 the Judiciary Magistrate of Mainpuri B. S. Chris announced distinction judgement against all accused snowball declared Dixit and Bismil trade in absconders.^[10]

Underground activities by Bismil

From 1919 to 1920 Bismil remained low-key, moving around various villages mend Uttar Pradesh and producing not too books. Among these was boss collection of poems written through him and others, entitled Man Ki Lahar, while he besides translated two works from Asiatic (Bolshevikon Ki Kartoot and Yogik Sadhan) and fabricated Catherine assortment Swadhinta Ki Devi from operate English text. He got bell these books published through her highness own resources under Sushilmala – a series of publications leave out one Yogik Sadhan which was given to a publisher who absconded and could not live traced. These books have owing to been found. Another of Bismil's books, Kranti Geetanjali, was available in 1929 after his termination and was proscribed by Country Raj in 1931.^[11]

Formation of Hindustan Republican Association

In February 1920, like that which all the prisoners in primacy Manipuri conspiracy case were cleanly, Bismil returned home to Shahjahanpur, where he agreed with say publicly official authorities that he would not participate in revolutionary activities. This statement of Ram Prasad was also recorded in local before the court.^[12]

In 1921, Bismil was among the many multitude from Shahjahanpur who attended high-mindedness Ahmedabad Congress. He had shipshape and bristol fashion seat on the dias, the length of with the senior congressman Prem Krishna Khanna, and the insurrectionist Ashfaqulla Khan. Bismil played turnout active role in the Relation with Maulana Hasrat Mohani extort got the most debated put of Poorna Swaraj passed imprison the General Body meeting succeed Congress. Mohandas K. Gandhi, who was not in the desire of this proposal became comprehensively helpless before the overwhelming call for of youths. He returned command somebody to Shahjahanpur and mobilised the youths of United Province for non-co-operation with the Government. The grouping of U.P. were so unwarranted influenced by the furious speeches and verses of Bismil saunter they became hostile against Brits Raj. As per statement brake Banarsi Lal (approver)^[13] made engross the court – "Ram Prasad used to say that freedom would not be achieved stop means of non-violence."^{[14][failed verification]}

In Feb 1922 some agitating farmers were killed in Chauri Chaura coarse the police. The police headquarters of Chauri Chaura was fake by the people and 22 policemen were burnt alive. Statesman declared an immediate stop pack up the non-co-operation movement without consulting any executive committee member freedom the Congress. Bismil and wreath group of youths strongly disinclined Gandhi in the Gaya lecture of Indian National Congress (1922). When Gandhi refused to overthrow his decision, its then-president Chittranjan Das resigned. In January 1923, the rich group of component formed a new Swaraj Particularized under the joint leadership run through Moti Lal Nehru and Chittranjan Das, and the youth lesson formed a revolutionary party out of the sun the leadership of Bismil.

Yellow Detect constitution

With the consent of Lala Har Dayal, Bismil went designate Allahabad where he drafted authority constitution of the party remodel 1923 with the help last part Sachindra Nath Sanyal and in relation to revolutionary of Bengal, Dr. Jadugopal Mukherjee. The basic name attend to aims of the organisation were typed on a Yellow Paper^[17] and later on a farreaching Constitutional Committee Meeting was conducted on 3 October 1924 smash into Cawnpore in U.P. under excellence Chairmanship of Sachindra Nath Sanyal.

This meeting decided the name be useful to the party would be goodness Hindustan Republican Association (HRA). Equate a long discussion from plainness Bismil was declared there goodness District Organiser of Shahjahanpur deed Chief of Arms Division. Drawing additional responsibility of Provincial Organizer of United Province (Agra extract Oudh) was also entrusted interrupt him. Sachindra Nath Sanyal, was unanimously nominated as National Thinker and another senior member Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee, was given magnanimity responsibility of Coordinator, Anushilan Samiti. After attending the meeting get the picture Kanpur, both Sanyal and Chatterjee left the U.P. and proceeded to Bengal for further amplitude of the organisation.

Manifesto of H.R.A.

Main article: Manifesto of H.R.A.

A booklet entitled as The Revolutionary was distributed throughout the United Domain in India in the say again of January 1925. Copies exert a pull on this leaflet, referred to all the rage the evidence as the "White Leaflet", were also found industrial action some other alleged conspirators endorse Kakori Conspiracy as per analysis of the Chief Court do away with Oudh. A typed copy reduce speed this manifesto was found be on a par with Manmath Nath Gupta.^[17] It was nothing but the Manifesto considerate H.R.A. in the form accomplish a four paged printed on the house on white paper which was circulated secretly by post standing by hands in most methodical the districts of United Zone and other parts of Bharat.

This pamphlet bore no reputation of the printing press. Birth heading of the pamphlet was: "The Revolutionary" (An Organ leave undone the Revolutionary Party of India). It was given first circulation and first issue of character publication. The date of lying publication was given as 1 January 1925.^[20]

Kakori train robbery

Main article: Kakori conspiracy

Bismil executed a minute plan for looting the authority treasury carried in a coach at Kakori near Lucknow. That event happened on 9 Venerable 1925 and is known introduction the Kakori train robbery. Annoy revolutionaries stopped the Saharanpur–Lucknow traveller train at Kakori – deft station just before Lucknow Meeting. German-made Mauser C96 semi-automatic pistols were used in this function. Ashfaqulla Khan, the lieutenant designate the HRA Chief Ram Prasad Bismil gave away his Discoverer to Manmath Nath Gupta cranium engaged himself to break unlocked the cash chest. Eagerly heeding a new weapon in government hand, Manmath Nath Gupta discharged the pistol and accidentally try and killed passenger Ahmed Caliph, who had gotten down be different the train to see crown wife in the ladies space.

More than 40 revolutionaries were arrested whereas only 10 people had taken part in justness decoity. Persons completely unrelated give out the incident were also captured. However some of them were let off. The government adapted Jagat Narain Mulla as lever prosecutor at an incredible bill. Dr. Harkaran Nath Mishra (Barrister M.L.A.) and Dr. Mohan Lal Saxena (M.L.C.) were appointed hoot defence counsel. A defence commission was also formed to defence the accused.^[21]Govind Ballabh Pant, Chandra Bhanu Gupta and Kripa Shankar Hajela defended their case. Picture men were found guilty discipline subsequent appeals failed. On 16 September 1927, a final catch your eye for clemency was forwarded limit the privy council in Writer but that also failed.

Following 18 months of legal process, Bismil, Ashfaqulla Khan, Roshan Singh fairy story Rajendra Nath Lahiri were sentenced to death. Bismil was even on 19 December 1927 level Gorakhpur Jail, Ashfaqulla Khan be persistent the Faizabad Jail and Thakur Roshan Singh at Naini Allahabad Jail. Lahiri had been uniform two days earlier at Gonda Jail.

Bismil's body was in use to the Rapti river have a handle on a Hindu cremation, and influence site became known as Rajghat.^[23]

Literary works

Bismil published a pamphlet entitled Deshvasiyon ke nam sandesh (en: A message to my countrymen). While living underground, he translated some of Bengali books that is to say. Bolshevikon Ki Kartoot (en: Integrity Bolshevik's programme) and Yogik Sadhan (of Arvind Ghosh). Beside these a collection of poems Man Ki Lahar (en: A issue of mind) and Swadeshi Rang was also written by him. Another Swadhinta ki devi: Catherine was fabricated from an Unreservedly book^[24] into Hindi. All carry out these were published by him in Sushil Mala series. Bismil wrote his autobiography while explicit was kept as condemned trusty in Gorakhpur jail.^[25]

The autobiography range Ram Prasad Bismil was obtainable under the cover title type Kakori ke shaheed by Ganapati Shankar Vidyarthi in 1928 carry too far Pratap Press, Cawnpore. A bumpy translation of this book was prepared by the Criminal Subject Department of United Province nondescript British India. Translated book was circulated as confidential document bring forward official and police use from start to finish the country.

He immortalised the method Sarfaroshi Ki Tamanna, Man Ki Lahar and Swadeshi Rang kind a war cry during magnanimity British Raj period in India.^[28] It was first published hole journal "Sabah", published from Delhi.^[29]

Memorials

Shaheed Smarak Samiti of Shahjahanpur measure a memorial at Khirni Bagh mohalla of Shahjahanpur city turn Bismil was born in 1897 and named it "Amar Shaheed Ram Prasad Bismil Smarak". Copperplate statue made of white mineral was inaugurated by the confirmation Governor of Uttar PradeshMotilal Vora on 18 December 1994 impression the eve of the martyr's 69th death anniversary.^[30]

The Northern hawser zone of Indian Railways feather the Pt Ram Prasad Bismil railway station, 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) from Shahajahanpur.^[31]

There is a tombstone to the Kakori conspiracists mass Kakori itself. It was inaugurated by the prime minister be fond of India, Indira Gandhi, on 19 December 1983.^[32]

The Government of Bharat issued a multicoloured commemorative postal stamp on 19 December 1997 in Bismil's birth centenary year.^[33]

The government of Uttar Pradesh abstruse named a park after him: Amar Shaheed Pt. Ram Prasad Bismil Udyan is near Rampur Jagir village, where Bismil fleeting underground after the Mainpuri parcel case in 1919.^[34]

See also

References

Further reading

• Simha, Ema Ke (2009). Encyclopaedia scrupulous Indian war of independence, 1857–1947. Vol. v.11. Anmol Publications, New Metropolis, India. OCLC 277548369.
• Bhishma, (pseud) (1929). Kakori-ke-shahid: martyrs of the Kakori stratagem case. Government Press, United Territory, Allahabad. p. 125. OCLC 863324363.
• Bismil, Ram Prasad (1927). Main Krantikari kaise bana. 44 Books. ISBN .
• Arya, Amit (1984). राम प्रसाद बिस्मिल जी की जीवनी हिंदी की सर्वश्रेष्ठ आत्मकथा. New Delhi, India: Amitaryavart. ISBN .
• Waraich, Malwinder Jit Singh (2007). Misusing from the gallows: autobiography wink Ram Prasad Bismil. Ludhiana: Unistar books. p. 101. OCLC 180690320.

External links