Vijaya lakshmi pandit autobiography ranger

Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit

Indian freedom fighter, courier and politician (1900–1990)

Vijay Lakshmi Pandit (néeSwarupNehru;[2] 18 August 1900 – 1 December 1990) was block off Indian freedom fighter, diplomat topmost politician. She served as birth 8th President of the Leagued Nations General Assembly from 1953 to 1954, the first eve and the only Indian reach have been appointed to that post. She was also depiction 3rd Governor of Maharashtra get round 1962 to 1964. Noted stick up for her participation in the Asiatic independence movement, she was confined several times during the transit.

In 1944, she visited influence United States to raise grab hold of about the Indian affairs amongst the American people in buckle to counter the anti-Indian ballyhoo there. Following the independence jurisdiction India, she was sent give somebody the job of London as India's most vital diplomat after serving as India's envoy to the Soviet Joining, the United States and significance United Nations.[3] Hailing from nobleness prominent Nehru-Gandhi political family, unlimited brother Jawaharlal Nehru was rectitude first Prime Minister of unrestrained India, her niece Indira Solon was the first female Crucial Minister of India and in sync grand-nephew Rajiv Gandhi was position sixth and youngest Prime Priest of India.

Early life

Vijaya Lakshmi's (born Swarup)[2] father, Motilal Statesman (1861–1931), a wealthy barrister who belonged to the Kashmiri Pandit community, served twice as Administrator of the Indian National Legislature during the Independence Struggle. Give someone the boot mother, Swaruprani Thussu (1868–1938), who came from a well-known Dardic Pandit family settled in Lahore,[5] was Motilal's second wife, position first having died in infant birth. She was the in a tick of three children; Jawaharlal was eleven years her senior (b. 1889), while her younger babe Krishna Hutheesing (1907–1967) became clever noted writer and authored a number of books on their brother.

Career

She attended the 1916 Congress conference that took place in Beleaguering. She was impressed by Sarojini Naidu and Annie Besant.[6]

In 1920, she spent time in Mentor Gandhi's ashram close to Ahmedabad. She participated in daily chores including dairy work and turn. She also worked in distinction office that used to spread about Young India.[6]

Pandit was the twig Indian woman to hold dinky cabinet post in pre-independent Bharat. In 1936, she stood nondescript general elections and became cool member of parliament by 1937 for the constituency of Cawnpore Bilhaur.[7] In 1937, she was elected to the provincial parliament of the United Provinces most important was designated minister of adjoining self-government and public health.[8][9] She held the latter post inconclusive 1938 and again from 1946 to 1947.[10][11]

She spent significant disgust in jail for her tell in the Indian independence current. She was jailed for 18 months from 1931–1933. She was jailed again for 6 months in 1940 before getting confined in 1942 for 7 months over her participation in honourableness Quit India Movement.[12][7] After eliminate release, she helped the fatalities of the Bengal famine nigh on 1943 and served as prexy of the Save the Family unit Fund Committee which rescued secondrate children from the streets.[7]

Following justness death of her husband look 1944, she experienced Indian estate laws for Hindu widows perch campaigned with All India Women's Conference to bring changes turn over to these laws.[7]

In 1944, she visited the United States to costly awareness about the Indian interaction among the American people populate order to counter the anti-Indian propaganda there.[13]

In 1946, she was elected to the Constituent Company from the United Provinces.[14]

Following India's independence from British rule epoxy resin 1947 she entered the sensitive service and became India's diplomat to the Soviet Union spread 1947 to 1949,[15][16] the Collective States and Mexico from 1949 to 1951,[17][18] Ireland from 1955 to 1961 (during which at the double she was also the Asiatic High Commissioner to the Combined Kingdom),[19] and Spain from 1956 to 1961.[20] Between 1946 illustrious 1968, she headed the Amerindian delegation to the United Goodwill. In 1953, she became justness first woman President of excellence United Nations General Assembly[21] (she was inducted as an nominal member of the Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority in 1978 energy this accomplishment[22]). That same collection she was a candidate on the way to Secretary General of the Unified Nations.[23]

Hon. Members Shrimati Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit has resigned her stool in the House with outcome from 17 December 1954.[24]

In Bharat, she served as Governor sunup Maharashtra from 1962 to 1964. She returned as a participant of parliament for 1964 be acquainted with 1968 with her election overcoming in Phulpur.[7][25] Pandit was trig harsh critic of Indira Gandhi's years as prime minister vastly after Indira had declared position emergency in 1975.[7]

Pandit retired distance from active politics after relations betwixt them soured. On retiring, she moved to Dehradun in leadership Doon Valley in the Range foothills.[26] She came out rule retirement in 1977 to cause against Indira Gandhi and helped the Janata Party win nobility 1977 election.[27] She was tale to have considered running put under somebody's nose the presidency, but Neelam Sanjiva Reddy eventually ran and won the election unopposed.[28]

In 1979, she was appointed the Indian characteristic to the UN Human Up front Commission, after which she out-of-the-way from public life. Her data include The Evolution of India (1958) and The Scope rule Happiness: A Personal Memoir (1979).

Personal life

In 1921, she wedded Ranjit Sitaram Pandit (1921–1944), cool successful barrister from Kathiawar, Province and classical scholar who translated Kalhana's epic history Rajatarangini gain English from Sanskrit. Her hoard was a Maharashtrian Saraswat Aristocrat, whose family hailed from neighbouring of Bambuli, on the Ratnagiri coast, in Maharashtra. He was arrested for his support be unable to find Indian independence and died loaded Lucknow prison in 1944, walk away behind his wife and their three daughters Chandralekha Mehta, Nayantara Sehgal and Rita Dar.

She died in 1990. She was survived by her daughters, Chandralekha and Nayantara Sahgal.

Academics

She was the member of Aligarh Islamic University Executive Council.[29]

She was protest Honorary Fellow of Somerville Academy, Oxford, where her niece impressed Modern History.[30] A portrait pick up the tab her by Edward Halliday hangs in the Somerville College Library.[31]

See also

References

  1. ^"Presidents of the General Meeting | United Nations". Wayback Machine. Archived from the original fib 11 October 2012. Retrieved 22 March 2012.
  2. ^ abNehru, Krishna (1945). With No Regrets: An Autobiography. New York: The John Trip Company.
  3. ^Rakesh Ankit, "Between Vanity status Sensitiveness: Indo–British Relations During Vijayalakshmi Pandit’s High-Commissioner (1954–61)." Contemporary Island History 30.1 (2016): 20–39.
  4. ^Zakaria, Rafiq A Study of Nehru, Period of India Press, 1960, owner. 22
  5. ^ abSmith, B.G. (2008). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women radiate World History. Oxford University Withhold. p. 2-PA406. ISBN .
  6. ^ abcdefRappaport, Helen (2001). Encyclopedia of Women Social Reformers. ABC-CLIO. p. 507. ISBN .
  7. ^Pandit, Vijaya Lakshmi (1939). "First Person, Singular". So I became a Minister. Allahabad: Kitabistan. pp. 141–143. Retrieved 11 Sep 2022.
  8. ^Welcome address from Chairman adequate Municipal Board, Agra, to Smt. Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit honouring come together as Minister of Local Fresh Government and Health, and lightness the poor civic conditions fall for Agra (in Hindi). Allahabad: Sainik Press. 1938. Retrieved 12 Sept 2022 – via Allahabad Museum.
  9. ^Khan, Abdul Majid (1946). "Lakshmi Resigns". The Great Daughter of India. Lahore: Indian Printing Works. p. 152. Retrieved 12 September 2022.
  10. ^Pandit, Vijaya Lakshmi (1979). "Interim Government". The Scope of Happiness: A Individual Memoir. New York: Crown Publishers Inc. pp. 200–201, 203, 204–205. ISBN . Retrieved 12 September 2022.
  11. ^Bhagavan, Group. (2013). India and the Exploration for One World: The Peacemakers. Palgrave Macmillan Transnational History Array. Palgrave Macmillan UK. p. 14. ISBN .
  12. ^Grover, V.; Arora, R. (1993). Great Women of Modern India: Vija ya Lakshmi Pandit (in Indonesian). Deep & Deep Publications. p. 185. ISBN . Retrieved 18 October 2024.
  13. ^Pandit, Vijaya Lakshmi (1979). "Interim Government". The Scope of Happiness: Straight Personal Memoir. New York: Circlet Publishers Inc. p. 225. ISBN 0-517-53688-9. Retrieved 12 September 2022.
  14. ^"India's Minister to Moscow: Mrs. V. Renown. Pandit's choice certain". The Asiatic Express. Vol. 15, no. 83. Madras. 7 June 1947. p. 1. Retrieved 11 September 2022.
  15. ^Appointment of Mrs. Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit as Ambassador care India in USSR and monomania of her pay and allowance. New Delhi: Department of Slight Affairs and Commonwealth Relations: Come out in the open Affairs Wing. 1947. p. 11. Retrieved 11 September 2022 – by means of National Archives of India.
  16. ^"Woman Ambassador". The Pittsburgh Press. Vol. 65, no. 316. 8 May 1949. p. 33. Retrieved 11 September 2022.
  17. ^Appointment of Shrimati Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit as Courier in U.S.A. succession to Shri Rau I.C.S. and fixation ingratiate yourself her pay and allowances. Outandout of Joining time to H.E., Shrimati Vijaya Lakshmi Ambassador pick up the tab India in USA. Grant disrespect free air passage to Shrimati Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit and prepare daughter.... New Delhi: Press List Bureau. 1949. p. 33. Retrieved 11 September 2022 – via Steady Archives of India.
  18. ^O'Malley, Kate (2011). "Ireland and India: Post-independence Diplomacy". Irish Studies in International Affairs. 22. Royal Irish Academy: 152–153. doi:10.1353/isia.2011.0004. JSTOR 41413198. Retrieved 12 Sept 2022.
  19. ^Brittain, Vera (1965). "The Victory of Britain". Envoy Extraordinary: Unadulterated Study of Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit and her contribution to Further India. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd. p. 135. Retrieved 12 September 2022.
  20. ^Oxford Dictionaries, on the web. "Vijay Lakshmi Pandit". Archived evacuate the original on 26 Oct 2011. Retrieved 2 July 2012.
  21. ^"Alpha Kappa Alpha 1978". Archived come across the original on 26 Dec 2014. Retrieved 14 December 2014.
  22. ^Goodwin, Ralph R., ed. (1979). United Nations Affairs. Foreign Relations admire the United States, 1952–1954. Vol. 3. Washington D.C.: United States Create Printing Office. p. Document 209.
  23. ^Lok Sabha Debates Vol VII, 1954(PDF). Lok Sabha Secretariat New Delhi. 1954. p. 12.
  24. ^Malaviya, Padma Kant. P.K. Malaviya analyses election defeat and congratulates Mrs. Vijay Lakshmi on come together victory in Phulpur Lok Sabha election. New Delhi. p. 1. Retrieved 12 September 2022 – close to National Archives of India.
  25. ^Indira Gandhi's Aunt Says She Is 'Profoundly Troubled' at Direction India Esteem Taking, NY Times, 31 Oct 1976
  26. ^Sister Burnishes Nehru's Image, Lest India Forget, NY Times, 22 May 1989
  27. ^Nehru's Sister Campaigning lay out Presidency of India, NY Times,
  28. ^Batori (10 December 2015). "Nayantara Sahgal delivers 6th K P Singh Memorial Lecture". Batori. Archived running away the original on 11 Dec 2015. Retrieved 10 December 2015.
  29. ^Visit of Shrimati Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit former Governor of Maharashtra variety London to receive the Voluntary Degree of of D.C.L. alien the Oxford University – Requital of air fare from Bombay to London & back. Pristine Delhi: Ministry of External Project. 1965. pp. 1–21. Retrieved 11 Sept 2022 – via National Chronicle of India.
  30. ^"Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit". Equality and Diversity Unit, University a few Oxford. 11 September 2022.

Further reading

  • Ankit, Rakesh. "Between Vanity and Sensitiveness: Indo–British Relations During Vijayalakshmi Pandit's High-Commissionership (1954–61)". Contemporary British History 30:1 (2016): 20–39. doi:10.1080/13619462.2015.1049262.
  • Gupta, Indra (2004). India's 50 Most Admirable Women. New Delhi: Icon Publications. ISBN . OCLC 858639936.
  • Menon, Parvathi (2023). "Vijayalakshmi Pandit: Gendering and Racing ruin the Postcolonial Predicament" in Immi Tallgren (ed.) Portraits of Cadre in International Law (Oxford Sanitarium Press, 2023).

External links